london england, city, capital of the united kingdom. it is situated in south-eastern england at the head of the river thames estuary. settled by the romans as an important shipping point for crops and minerals, it gradually developed into the wealthy capital of a thriving industrial and agricultural nation. the expansion in the 19th century of the british empire increased londons influence still further. since world war ii the citys prominence on the international stage has diminished, but it remains a flourishing financial centre and home to one of the worlds most important stock exchanges., havering, hillingdon, hounslow, kingston upon thames, merton, redbridge, richmond upon thames, sutton, and waltham forest.

transport

transport is essential to the operation of a city such as london. its very development was significantly affected by the advent of the railways, and more recently the construction of roads particularly the orbita...